References:
ATP Synthase Mechanism
- F.E.C. Blanc, & G. Hummer, Mechanism of proton-powered c-ring rotation in a mitochondrial ATP synthase, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 121 (11) e2314199121, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2314199121 (2024).
- Nakamoto RK, Baylis Scanlon JA, Al-Shawi MK. The rotary mechanism of the ATP synthase. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2008;476(1):43-50. doi:10.1016/j.abb.2008.05.004
Electron Transport Chain and stoichiometry
- Ahmad M, Wolberg A, Kahwaji CI. Biochemistry, Electron Transport Chain. [Updated 2023 Sep 4]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. Available from: https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK526105/
Complex IV mechanism
- Ishigami I, Sierra RG, Su Z, et al. Structural insights into functional properties of the oxidized form of cytochrome c oxidase. Nat Commun. 2023;14(1):5752. Published 2023 Sep 16. doi:10.1038/s41467-023-41533-x
| Molecule | Δn | Molecule | Δn |
|---|---|---|---|
| ATP | 0 | NAD+ | 0 |
| ADP | 0 | NADH | 0 |
| O2 | 0 | Fumarate | 0 |
| H2O | 0 | Succinate | 0 |